MODULE 14
Key concepts
I. Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
II. pH and pOH
III. Relative Strengths of Acids and Bases
IV. Hydrolysis of Salts
V. Polyprotic Acids
VI. Buffers
VII. Acid-Base Titrations
In the previous chapter the essential contents of the chemical equilibria were explored and discussed with several examples and calculations. Acid – Base Equilibria are considered as extra extension to the general chemical equilibria.
In this chapter, the definition of Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases are illustrated with several examples. Furthermore, the conjugate acids and bases are explored with many examples. In addition, the definitions of the pH and pOH are discussed based on several illustrated calculations.
The relative strength of acids and bases are illustrated with their corresponding dissociation constants Ka and Kb. The percentages of acids and bases dissociations are addressed with several examples using ICE tables.
Hydrolysis of salts is also discussed with several examples. Salts can be acidic or basic or neutral when they are dissolved in water to make salt aqueous solutions.
The chemical equilibria of polyprotic acids are covered with different examples using ICE tables.
Buffers definition and calculations are also addressed with extensive examples.
Last topic of this chapter is acid – base titrations which is covered in a very detailed manner and several different steps of the titrations.